What is IPsec? It is a group of protocols that are used together to set up encrypted connections between devices. It helps keep data sent over public networks securely. IPsec is often used to set up VPNs, and it works by encrypting IP packets, along…
What is a Virtual Private Network? A virtual private network (VPN) is an internet security service that allows users to access the Internet as though they were connected to a private network. This encrypts Internet communications as well as provides…
What is an on-path attacker? On-path attackers place themselves between two devices (often a web browser and a web server) and intercept or modify communications between the two. The attackers can then collect information as well as impersonate either of the…
What are the different types of DNS server? All DNS servers fall into one of four categories: Recursive resolvers, root nameservers, TLD nameservers, and authoritative nameservers. In a typical DNS lookup (when there is no caching in play), these four DNS servers work…
What is a DNS CNAME record? The ‘canonical name’ record is used in lieu of an A record when a domain or subdomain is an alias of another domain. All records must point to a domain, never to an IP address. Imagine a scavenger…
What is a DNS MX record? A DNS ‘mail exchange’ (MX) record directs email to a mail server. The record indicates how email messages should be routed in accordance with the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP, the standard protocol for…
What is a DNS AAAA record? DNS AAAA records match a domain name to an IPv6 address. DNS AAAA records are exactly like DNS A records, except that they store a domain‘s IPv6 address instead of its IPv4 address. IPv6 is the…
Introduction Planning is the most important part, not just in our lives and work but also in software design. Before you undertake a big project, I am sure there must be a requirements document based-off which you start to conceptualize…
The Cross-Site Request Forgery is an attack in which they get access to your system by tricking users into performing actions on another site by inadvertently clicking a link or submitting a form. It is often called CSRF, or XSRF…
How can you know if the link someone sent you was to track your IP? If the link is for a common site (eg ) and there are no extra parameters on it; then it won’t help them link your…
